Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are associated with these factors:

• Work postures and movements
• Repetitiveness and pace of work
• Force of movements
• Vibration
• Temperature
• Lack of influence or control over one's job
• Increase pressure (e.g., to produce more)
• Lack of or poor communication
• Monotonous tasks
• Perception of low support (e.g., manager or co-worker)

Certain workplace conditions, for example, the layout of the workstation, the speed of work (especially in conveyor-driven jobs), and the weight of the objects being handled influence these factors. In other situations, the psychosocial factors at the workplace may contribute to WMSDs. MSD cases are more severe than the average […]