FACTS

1. Vapor Cloud Ignition: Leaking flammable gases or vapors can accumulate undetected; one spark from equipment, static, or tools can trigger an explosion with no warning.
2. Dust Accumulation: Fine combustible dust—from grains, metals, wood, plastics, or chemicals—can ignite violently when suspended in air by even a small disturbance.
3. Inadequate Venting: Poor pressure-relief design allows vessels, piping, or reactors to over-pressurize during abnormal conditions, causing catastrophic rupture.
4. Process Upsets: Temperature, pressure, or flow deviations that go unnoticed can trigger runaway reactions, boiling liquid expansion (BLEVE), or thermal decomposition.
5. Improper Maintenance: Corroded pipes, worn valves, and failing seals create leaks that become […]

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